The Beginning of a Settled Life
Theme 1 : Evolution of Mankind
(My Watch Tower Social Studies)
Time to Camp - Exercises
A. Choose the correct answers and fill the OMR box.
1. Early humans began to make shelters from __________ and leaves.
a. cement. [ ]
b. bricks. [ ]
c. mud. [✓]
d. stone. [ ]
2. ___________ unearthed in Didwana, Rajasthan, dates back to approximately 400,000 years.
a. Iron Ploughshares. [ ]
b. Hand-axes. [✓]
c. Stone hemmers. [ ]
d. Pottery shards. [ ]
3. The main points of divergence between the four Stone Ages were the changes in the types of ___________ .
a. metals. [ ]
b. stone tools. [✓]
c. coins. [ ]
d. dwellings. [ ]
4. Hunsgi in Karnataka is an example of __________ settlement in India.
a. Neolithic. [ ]
b. Mesolithic. [ ]
c. Palaeolithic. [✓]
d. Chalcolithic. [ ]
5. In India, Harappa and Mohenjodaro emerged along the banks of the River ___________ .
a. Nile. [ ]
b. Indus. [✓]
c. Hwang Ho. [ ]
d. Tiber. [ ]
B. Fill in the blanks.
1. Early humans gradually transformed from being food gatherers to food producers.
2. Humans preferred to use iron in making tools and weapons, as they realised iron tools were stronger and more durable.
3. In the Neolithic Period, people realised they can grow food instead of searching for it.
4. Since more food could be produced, people started storing it till the next harvest.
5. In Europe, two of the greatest civilizations emerged in Greece and Rome during the Iron Age.
C. State whether true or false.
1. Early civilizations developed in the river valleys. [T]
2. Early humans first learnt to cultivate the land and then hunt animals. [F]
3. Buffaloes were used for ploughing lands. [T]
4. Mehrgarh excavations show evidence of five to six thousand years of settlement. [T]
5. The ancient Chinese civilization emerged on the banks of the rivers Tigris and Euphrates. [F]
D. Answer these questions.
1. How did humans learn to grow crops?
= It is believed that while moving from one place to another, humans learnt the benefits of wild plants and how to grow them by planting seeds. They realised that they can grow food instead of moving form place to place in search of it. This led to the beginning of farming.
2. Why did humans begin to settle down in one place?
= Early humans gradually transformed from being food gatherers to food producers. For plants to grow and bear fruits, it was necessary for the early humans to stay at one place for a longer time. As a result, humans began to settle down in groups and started growing crops.
3. How did the concept of the division of labour emerge in human society?
= As surplus grains were cultivated, it was no longer necessary for everyone to be involved in the farming process. People began to get involved in different occupations. Some grew crops while others took up the occupations such as trading, weaving, pottery, fishing and metalwork. This is know as the division of labour. People began to exchange goods and services, leading to the development of the barter system.
4. State some of the important characteristics of civilization.
= Some of the important characteristics of civilization are -
❐ Highly developed human settlement.
❐ Growth of new professions.
❐ Trade and commerce.
❐ Advanced spheres of learning, art and writing.
❐ Grew up in the river valleys due to a number of factors such as fertile soil, proximity to water for irrigation and favourable climate.
5. What type of evidences have been collected from Mehrgarh?
= Excavations in Mehrgarh, near the Bolan Pass, show evidences of five to six thousand years of human settlement. Archaeologists have unearthed at least two major periods of early human habitation. The first period of settlement in Mehrgarh shows signs of it being an early agricultural settlement.
Picture Study
Look at the picture and answer the questions.
1. What type of artefact is being shown in the picture?
= Ancient pottery is being shown in the picture.
2. Why were these made?
= These were made due to the division of labour.
3. What were they used for?
= They were used for storing surplus food grains.