Extra Question answers from the CHAPTER:
HUMAN BODY – THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
FULL
QUESTION PAPER (100 MARKS)
SECTION
A – OBJECTIVE TYPE (20 Marks)
A1.
Choose the correct option (10 × 1 = 10 marks)
- Which blood group is called
the universal donor?
a) A b) B c) AB d) O - The largest artery in the
human body is the:
a) Pulmonary artery b) Aorta c) Coronary artery d) Renal artery - Which blood vessel carries
blood towards the heart?
a) Artery b) Vein c) Capillary d) Aorta - The fluid matrix of blood is
called:
a) Plasma b) Platelets c) RBC d) WBC - Which part of the heart pumps
blood to the lungs?
a) Left atrium b) Left ventricle c) Right atrium d) Right ventricle - Blood vessels that connect
arteries and veins are:
a) Veins b) Arteries c) Capillaries d) Aorta - Which valve is present between
left atrium and left ventricle?
a) Tricuspid b) Bicuspid c) Semilunar d) Pulmonary - The normal heartbeat rate of
an adult is about:
a) 50 bpm b) 72 bpm c) 100 bpm d) 120 bpm - Which system runs parallel to
the circulatory system?
a) Nervous system b) Digestive system c) Lymphatic system d) Respiratory system - Blood without oxygen is
called:
a) Oxygenated blood b) Deoxygenated blood c) Plasma d) Serum
A2.
Fill in the blanks (5 × 1 = 5 marks)
- The _________ system
transports materials in the body.
- The heart works like a
_________.
- _________ cells fight against
germs.
- The largest vein is the
_________.
- Blood group _________ is
universal recipient.
A3.
True or False (5 × 1 = 5 marks)
- Arteries carry blood towards
the heart.
- Capillaries are thick-walled
vessels.
- The heart has four chambers.
- Platelets help in blood
clotting.
- Lymph is red in colour.
SECTION
B – SHORT ANSWERS (30 Marks)
B1.
Very short answers (6 × 2 = 12 marks)
- What is blood?
- Name the three types of blood
vessels.
- What is the function of
haemoglobin?
- What are valves?
- What is pulse?
- Name the four chambers of the
heart.
B2.
Short answers (6 × 3 = 18 marks)
- Write any three functions of
blood.
- Differentiate between arteries
and veins (any 3 points).
- What is double circulation?
- What is the role of white
blood cells?
- What is lymph? Write its
function.
- What is blood pressure?
SECTION
C – DIAGRAM & APPLICATION (20 Marks)
C1.
Diagram-based questions (10 marks)
- Draw a neat labelled diagram
of the human heart. (5 marks)
- Draw and label artery, vein
and capillary. (5 marks)
C2.
Application-based questions (10 marks)
- Why do veins have valves but
arteries do not? (3 marks)
- Why is double circulation
important? (3 marks)
- Why does a person feel tired
when haemoglobin is low? (4 marks)
SECTION
D – LONG ANSWERS (30 Marks)
D1.
Answer the following (3 × 10 = 30 marks)
- Describe the structure and
working of the human heart.
- Explain the components of
blood and their functions.
- Explain ABO blood grouping
system with table and explain universal donor and recipient.
SECTION
E – CASE STUDY / HOTS (10 Marks)
Read
and answer:
Ravi went
for a run and his heartbeat increased rapidly. After resting, it returned to
normal.
- Why did his heartbeat
increase? (3 marks)
- What is the normal heartbeat
rate? (2 marks)
- Which part of the heart
controls heartbeat? (2 marks)
- What is the advantage of
increased heartbeat during exercise? (3 marks)
✅ TOTAL = 100 MARKS
📘 ANSWER KEY WITH FULL QUESTIONS
CHAPTER: HUMAN BODY – THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
🔹 SECTION A – OBJECTIVE TYPE
A1.
Choose the correct option
1.
Which blood group is called the universal donor?
a) A b) B c) AB d) O
Answer: d) O
2. The
largest artery in the human body is the:
a) Pulmonary artery b) Aorta c) Coronary artery d) Renal artery
Answer: b) Aorta
3.
Which blood vessel carries blood towards the heart?
a) Artery b) Vein c) Capillary d) Aorta
Answer: b) Vein
4. The
fluid matrix of blood is called:
a) Plasma b) Platelets c) RBC d) WBC
Answer: a) Plasma
5.
Which part of the heart pumps blood to the lungs?
a) Left atrium b) Left ventricle c) Right atrium d) Right ventricle
Answer: d) Right ventricle
6.
Blood vessels that connect arteries and veins are:
a) Veins b) Arteries c) Capillaries d) Aorta
Answer: c) Capillaries
7.
Which valve is present between left atrium and left ventricle?
a) Tricuspid b) Bicuspid c) Semilunar d) Pulmonary
Answer: b) Bicuspid
8. The
normal heartbeat rate of an adult is about:
a) 50 bpm b) 72 bpm c) 100 bpm d) 120 bpm
Answer: b) 72 bpm
9.
Which system runs parallel to the circulatory system?
a) Nervous system b) Digestive system c) Lymphatic system d) Respiratory system
Answer: c) Lymphatic system
10.
Blood without oxygen is called:
a) Oxygenated blood b) Deoxygenated blood c) Plasma d) Serum
Answer: b) Deoxygenated blood
🔹 A2. Fill in the blanks
1. The
_________ system transports materials in the body.
Answer: Circulatory
2. The
heart works like a _________.
Answer: Pump
3.
_________ cells fight against germs.
Answer: White blood cells
4. The
largest vein is the _________.
Answer: Vena cava
5.
Blood group _________ is universal recipient.
Answer: AB
🔹 A3. True or False
1.
Arteries carry blood towards the heart.
Answer: False
2.
Capillaries are thick-walled vessels.
Answer: False
3. The
heart has four chambers.
Answer: True
4.
Platelets help in blood clotting.
Answer: True
5.
Lymph is red in colour.
Answer: False
🔹 SECTION B – SHORT ANSWERS
B1.
Very short answers
1. What
is blood?
Answer: Blood is a fluid connective tissue that transports oxygen,
nutrients, and waste in the body.
2. Name
the three types of blood vessels.
Answer: Arteries, veins, and capillaries
3. What
is the function of haemoglobin?
Answer: It carries oxygen from lungs to body cells.
4. What
are valves?
Answer: Valves are structures that prevent the backflow of blood.
5. What
is pulse?
Answer: Pulse is the rhythmic expansion of arteries due to heartbeat.
6. Name
the four chambers of the heart.
Answer: Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle
B2. Short answers
1.
Write any three functions of blood.
Answer:
- Transports oxygen and
nutrients
- Removes waste products
- Maintains body temperature
2.
Differentiate between arteries and veins (any 3 points).
Answer:
|
Arteries |
Veins |
|
Carry
blood away from heart |
Carry
blood to heart |
|
Thick
walls |
Thin
walls |
|
No
valves |
Valves
present |
3. What
is double circulation?
Answer: Blood passes through the heart twice in one complete
cycle—pulmonary and systemic circulation.
4. What
is the role of white blood cells?
Answer: They fight germs and protect the body from infections.
5. What
is lymph? Write its function.
Answer: Lymph is a pale yellow fluid that transports nutrients and helps
fight infections.
6. What
is blood pressure?
Answer: It is the force of blood on the walls of arteries.
🔹 SECTION C – DIAGRAM &
APPLICATION
C1.
Diagram-based questions
1. Draw a neat labelled diagram of the human heart.
Answer:
2. Draw and label artery, vein and capillary.
Answer:
C2.
Application-based questions
1. Why
do veins have valves but arteries do not?
Answer: Veins have valves to prevent backflow because blood flows at low
pressure.
2. Why
is double circulation important?
Answer: It ensures efficient oxygen supply and prevents mixing of blood.
3. Why
does a person feel tired when haemoglobin is low?
Answer: Because less oxygen is transported to body cells.
🔹 SECTION D – LONG ANSWERS
1. Describe the structure and working of the human heart.
Answer:
Structure and Working of the Human Heart
The human
heart is a muscular, cone-shaped organ that acts as a pump to circulate
blood throughout the body. It is located in the chest cavity between the lungs
and slightly tilted to the left.
Structure
of the Heart
1.
Chambers of the Heart
The heart
has four chambers:
- Right Atrium – receives deoxygenated blood
from the body
- Right Ventricle – pumps deoxygenated blood to
the lungs
- Left Atrium – receives oxygenated blood
from the lungs
- Left Ventricle – pumps oxygenated blood to
the whole body
The left
ventricle has the thickest muscular wall because it pumps blood to the
entire body.
2.
Septum
A thick
muscular wall called the septum divides the heart into left and right
halves, preventing mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
3.
Valves of the Heart
Valves
ensure one-way flow of blood:
- Tricuspid valve – between right atrium and
right ventricle
- Bicuspid (Mitral) valve – between left atrium and
left ventricle
- Semilunar valves – at the openings of the
pulmonary artery and aorta
4.
Major Blood Vessels
- Vena cava – brings deoxygenated blood
to the right atrium
- Pulmonary artery – carries blood from heart to
lungs
- Pulmonary veins – bring oxygenated blood to
left atrium
- Aorta – carries oxygenated blood to
the body
Working
of the Heart (Double Circulation)
The heart
works in a rhythmic cycle called the cardiac cycle, involving
contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole).
Step-by-step
process:
- Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium through the
vena cava
- It flows into the right
ventricle through the tricuspid valve
- The right ventricle contracts
and sends blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery
- In the lungs, blood gets
oxygenated
- Oxygenated blood returns to
the left atrium through pulmonary veins
- It passes into the left
ventricle through the bicuspid valve
- The left ventricle contracts
and pumps blood to the whole body through the aorta
This process is called Double circulation because blood passes through the heart twice in one complete cycle.
2. Explain the components of blood and their functions.
Answer:
1.
Plasma
Plasma is
the liquid part of blood (about 55%).
Composition:
- Mostly water (about 90%)
- Proteins (albumin, globulin,
fibrinogen)
- Nutrients, hormones, salts, and waste products
Functions:
- Transports nutrients,
hormones, and waste materials
- Maintains blood pressure and
volume
- Helps in clotting (due to
fibrinogen)
- Regulates body temperature and
pH
2. Red
Blood Cells (RBCs) / Erythrocytes
These are
the most numerous cells in blood.
Features:
- Biconcave disc shape
- Contain hemoglobin
- No nucleus (in humans)
Functions:
- Carry oxygen from lungs to
body tissues
- Carry carbon dioxide from
tissues back to lungs
3.
White Blood Cells (WBCs) / Leukocytes
These are defense
cells of the body.
Types:
- Neutrophils, lymphocytes,
monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
Functions:
- Fight infections (bacteria,
viruses, etc.)
- Produce antibodies (especially
lymphocytes)
- Remove dead or damaged cells
4.
Platelets / Thrombocytes
These are small
cell fragments.
Functions:
- Help in blood clotting
- Prevent excessive bleeding
- Form a plug at injury sites
Explain ABO blood grouping system
with table and explain universal donor and recipient.
Answer:
ABO
Blood Grouping System
The ABO
blood grouping system classifies human blood based on the presence or
absence of antigens (A and B) on red blood cells and antibodies
in plasma.
- Antigens → found on RBC surface
- Antibodies → found in plasma
A person’s
blood group depends on which antigen is present.
ABO
Blood Group Table
|
Blood
Group |
Antigen
on RBC |
Antibody
in Plasma |
Can
Donate To |
Can
Receive From |
|
A |
A |
Anti-B |
A, AB |
A, O |
|
B |
B |
Anti-A |
B, AB |
B, O |
|
AB |
A and B |
None |
AB |
A, B,
AB, O |
|
O |
None |
Anti-A
and Anti-B |
A, B,
AB, O |
O only |
Explanation
of Each Blood Group
- Group A → Has A antigen and anti-B
antibodies
- Group B → Has B antigen and anti-A
antibodies
- Group AB → Has both A and B antigens,
no antibodies
- Group O → Has no antigens, but both
antibodies
Universal
Donor
- Blood Group O (especially O
negative) is
called the universal donor.
- Reason: It has no A or B
antigens, so it does not trigger an immune reaction in the recipient.
- It can donate blood to all
groups (A, B, AB, O).
Universal
Recipient
- Blood Group AB (especially AB
positive) is
called the universal recipient.
- Reason: It has no anti-A or
anti-B antibodies, so it can accept blood from all groups without
reaction.
🔹 SECTION E – CASE STUDY
Ravi
went for a run and his heartbeat increased rapidly. After resting, it returned
to normal.
1. Why
did his heartbeat increase?
Answer: To supply more oxygen to the body during exercise.
2. What
is the normal heartbeat rate?
Answer: About 72 beats per minute
3.
Which part of the heart controls heartbeat?
Answer: Pacemaker (SAN)
4. What
is the advantage of increased heartbeat during exercise?
Answer: It increases oxygen supply and removes waste faster.